Trading network was the biggest factor of the two Native Americans
Brought many people together
In many regions, they produced many other different stuff.
With all the different stuff they were producing, Native Americans started to have trade route Mexico to Atlantic Coast
Land Use
Native Americans could not sell their lands because they thought that the land was their source of life
This had led to many problems with the Europeans
Native Americans used their land for farming or food gathering
Religion
Native Americans believed in nature
They thought that the past generations were guiding the nature to them
They also said if they listen closely, they can hear the voices that guides the nature
2. Village Life
Agriculture (Growing crops, division of labor)
Hunting
Homes (Huts)
Social life (Community feast)
The heart of village
Religion (Circle of idols)
prayer circle with fire
Different class
Social organization
Bonds of kinship, which are the strong family members. (The leader's family)
Servants
Farmers
3. Family and Neighbors
California
Living conditions: long coastline, northwestern rain forest, southern desert
Native group people: Kashaya Pomo, Yurok, Hupa
Their way of living: hunt with slingshots and nets, search forest for good, fish in mountain streams
Northwest Coast
Living conditions: sea, forest
Native group of people: Kwakiutl, Nootka, Haida
Their way of living: collect shell fish from beaches, hunt in the sea
Characteristics: decorate boats and masks with totems, display family's history on totem poles, organize potlatches (ceremonies of giving away possessions)
Southwest
Living conditions: harsh environment
Native group of people: Pueblo, Hopi, Acoma
Their way of living: live in multistory houses, underground kivas for religious events
Eastern Woodlands
Living conditions: hardwood forests
Native group of people: Ironquois
Their way of living: villages in forest clearings, hunt and gather resources from forests, use woodworking tools
Description of the natural environment
One of the natural environment from this society provided many different ways of life, which are from nomadic to the fixed, nonmigratory life of farming communities. Kashaya Pomo had many lands. Usually they had rain forests, and deserts. In the Northwest Coast there were oceans and seas to hunt sea creatures. South west had water ways. In Eastern woodlands, they had trees from the forests. Their lands were warm and rich for farming.
Description of the built environment
The built environment in Native America are the villages and trade routes. Near the water line or the coastline has the most human-made environment. The water helps lots of stuff to human. Water helps the farmers and other workers to build something and to do other things.
Constraints afforded by location
People had to get used to many different living conditions in North America
Some places in north America had harsh environment for people to live in and no direct supply of water. As a result, they had to devise systems to get the supply of water.
Opportunities afforded by location
People could gather resources from vast forest
People could gather resources from the ocean
Because of the different kinds of conditions in North America, they could get a lot of resources from lots of places
Similarities and differences to West African societies around 1492
People living in North American society and West African society all had similar characteristics (They all had religious ceremonies)
People in North America and West Africa society lived by farming, hunting, and fishing
The European society respected the kinship of their land as well as the Native Americans.
North American societies had more diverse environments that people lived in than West African
North American societies traded less with other nations while West African societies actively traded with other nations in Africa, Europe, and Asia.
Although all three societies believed in religions, North Americans believed in nature, West Africans believed in Islam
There was no specific social hierarchies in North American societies whereas West African societies had specific social hierarchies (slaves, peasants, monarchs, nobles, and kings or queens)
Similarities and differences to European societies around 1492
People lived by farming, hunting, and fishing
People had similar religion. (Doing religious ceremonies)
North American societies had more diverse environments that people lived in than European societies
North American societies traded less with other nations while European societies actively traded with other nations in Africa, Europe, and Asia.
Although all three societies believed in religions, North Americans believed in nature, and Europeans believed in Christianity.
There was no specific social hierarchies in North American societies whereas European societies had specific social hierarchies (slaves, peasants, monarchs, nobles, and kings or queens)
Synthesizing Learnings from Chapter 1
Unit 1 Section 1- Peopling the Americas: Patterns of Migration
1. Why did the “First Americans” (Native Americans) come to America?
During the Ice Age, some parts of the earth’s water froze, which made a bridge between Asia and Alaska. As a result, the “First Americans” crossed over to North America to hunt.
Unit 1 Section 2 - North American Societies around 1492 2. How did the environment of North America affect native culture?
The environment of North America had affected the native culture by trading networks, land use, and religious beliefs. The trading network was the biggest factors of growing the Native America and they could contact with other people. Because they had lots of trees and other natural resources, they built ships to trade things to other countries. The trading in Native America was by locally and long-distance. Also, the land use was one of the affect to native culture because they traded many things, but the Native Americans did not trade the land with others. They thought that the land was the source of life and it was not to be sold. One of the chief said, “We cannot sell the lives of men and animals”. This had led to many of problems with the Europeans. But in land, they farmed crops and other foods. In America, there were lots of lands to use and different kind of lands. Most of the Native Americans thought that the natural world was filled with spirits. This is kind of related to the land use, so the native culture got affected. When European came to it was difficult to spread the word of God to be Christian because the Native Americans believed in the nature.
Unit 1. Section 3 - West African Societies around 1492 3. How did the environment in West Africa affect native culture?
The different natural environments and built environments in West Africa affected its native culture very much. First of all, the location of West Africa was isolated from other societies and this geographical characteristic of West Africa helped the native people develop trade networks including Sahara highway and earn money from active trades with other societies such as the European society. Also, the access to ocean from West Africa enabled the natives to build villages and kingdoms in the regions that were close to the coastline. Furthermore, the protection from extreme weather in West Africa enabled the native people to grow fruits and crops from their farms all year round, which resulted in food increase as well as population increase in the West African society. Lastly, the forest resources from thick and dense forests in West Africa helped the natives collect resources such as timber, fruits, and plants. These various natural and built environments in West Africa developed the native culture of actively trading with other societies and gathering food and resources from farming.
Unit 1 Section 4 - European Societies around 1492
1. What were the influences that encouraged Europeans to seek new lands and new opportunities in new environments?
There were few influences that encouraged Europeans to seek new lands and new opportunities in new environments. One of the influences was the Christian missionaries. The Christian missionaries in Europe wanted to defend and to spread the faith, so they went outside of Europe and sought new lands. The second influence was the Crusades which the Christian armies launched but failed to rescue the Holy Land. However, it encouraged European exploration and expansion. It weakened the power of European nobles, because they were killed in the wars. Monarchs took advantage of the noble and made an overseas exploration to increase their wealth and power. Third was the Reformation. There were disagreements over church authority so it led to reform movements. The Reformation divided Christianity between Catholicism and Protestantism. The rivalries deepened, so the Protestant went across the Atlantic to seek religious freedom. During the 1300s, Europe had a hard time, but they experienced growth and change through those hard times. The expansion of Europe pushed Europeans to look to other lands. The fourth influence was the Renaissance. The Renaissance encouraged people to regard themselves as individuals to have confidence in human capabilities and to look forward to the fame their achievements might bring. This attitude encouraged people to seek glory through adventure, discovery, and conquest.
Unit 1 Section 5 - Transatlantic Encounters
5. What was the impact of interactions between the peoples of Africa, and Europe with peoples in America?
When Europeans came to Native America, there were lots of impacts. One of them was the disease ravage in the Native Americans. When Europeans came to Native America, they brought their diseases with them. With that lots of Native Americans had died by the thousands. Native Americans were not really developed with any natural immunity to the diseases. The diseases were measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, and typhus. It was a horrific disaster to Native Americans. The disease spread to region after region. With the disease reducing the Native Americans to work, the Europeans brought Africans for slaves. That’s how the Africans became slaves in America. Because of the slave work, lots of Africans died and were lost in West Africa. This had impacted the people of Africa. The slave trade devastated many of the African society. The impact on Europeans was the Columbian exchange. The Columbus’s voyages had made the merchants to increase their wealth and influence. With this in mind, thousands of Europeans began crossing the Atlantic, which became the biggest voluntary migrations in history.
Summary of our work with "Place and Space"
6. What was the relationship of Africans to their natural and human environment in 1492?
In 1492, Africans developed trading network (human environment) and their culture of actively trading with other societies all over the world (relation of Africans to their natural and human environment) from the isolated location of West Africa (natural environment). The villages and kingdoms (human environment) were near the coastline (natural environment) because living in the location was easier for Africans to gather food and resources (relationship of Africans to their natural and human environment).
7. What was the relationship of the North Americans to their natural and built environments in 1492?
In 1492, North America had lots of natural environments such as forests, lakes, water, land. With those, the North Americans could build ships with the trees from their forests, so that they could trade with other countries around them. They could have also built the houses with the trees and leaves, which would turn it into built environment. In North America, the natural environment makes the built environment.
8. What was the relationship of the Europeans to their natural and built environments in 1492? During the early 1300s, Europe went through hard times with heavy rain and diseases and epidemic of plagues and wars. Through these bad natural environments, Europe grew and changed. The expansion of built and natural environments pushed Europeans to look to other lands. Also, the Europeans wanted Asian stuff, so the Europeans used woods to build ships to trade.
9. Identify and list, 1 local issue, 1 regional issue, and 1 global issue that affected each continent in the transatlantic encounter between Africa, America, and Europe.
The transatlantic encounter created three major issues that affected people of African, American, and European societies. One local issue changed the lives of North Americans who lived in the place or other places near to the place where the Europeans first landed and started living in. This local issue was that the Europeans came with diseases that spread in the North American society and killed many native people. One regional issue that changed the lives of Africans and Americans was the trade of slaves from Africa to America, which was conducted by Europeans. Because of the slave trade, Africa lost more than 12 million people and these people moved to America to work in place of the dead American farmers. One global issue was the trade of different resources from the three societies. From the transatlantic encounter between the three societies, they were able to trade different resources that could be earned or gathered only in their natural environments. Due to this trade between the three societies, they were able to use various resources from other societies.
10. Explain how the transatlantic encounter between the peoples of Africa, America, and Europe was influenced by the place and environment of each. The transatlantic encounter between the peoples of Africa, America, and Europe were influenced by sharing the products from other country that they did not had and also the new cultures or the different kinds of cultures would have influenced the environment. Most importantly, the diseases would have had the influence on the people of the each societies.
Because it might get them to figure out what kind of things or medicine would prevent them from these disease to make their people safe from it. Colonization, African slaves had influenced the world and these three societies. Trading would have also influenced the 3 societies.
1. Culture
2. Village Life
3. Family and Neighbors
Description of the natural environment
One of the natural environment from this society provided many different ways of life, which are from nomadic to the fixed, nonmigratory life of farming communities. Kashaya Pomo had many lands. Usually they had rain forests, and deserts. In the Northwest Coast there were oceans and seas to hunt sea creatures. South west had water ways. In Eastern woodlands, they had trees from the forests. Their lands were warm and rich for farming.
Description of the built environment
The built environment in Native America are the villages and trade routes. Near the water line or the coastline has the most human-made environment. The water helps lots of stuff to human. Water helps the farmers and other workers to build something and to do other things.
Constraints afforded by location
Opportunities afforded by location
Similarities and differences to West African societies around 1492
Similarities and differences to European societies around 1492
Synthesizing Learnings from Chapter 1
Unit 1 Section 1- Peopling the Americas: Patterns of Migration
1. Why did the “First Americans” (Native Americans) come to America?
During the Ice Age, some parts of the earth’s water froze, which made a bridge between Asia and Alaska. As a result, the “First Americans” crossed over to North America to hunt.
Unit 1 Section 2 - North American Societies around 1492
2. How did the environment of North America affect native culture?
The environment of North America had affected the native culture by trading networks, land use, and religious beliefs. The trading network was the biggest factors of growing the Native America and they could contact with other people. Because they had lots of trees and other natural resources, they built ships to trade things to other countries. The trading in Native America was by locally and long-distance. Also, the land use was one of the affect to native culture because they traded many things, but the Native Americans did not trade the land with others. They thought that the land was the source of life and it was not to be sold. One of the chief said, “We cannot sell the lives of men and animals”. This had led to many of problems with the Europeans. But in land, they farmed crops and other foods. In America, there were lots of lands to use and different kind of lands. Most of the Native Americans thought that the natural world was filled with spirits. This is kind of related to the land use, so the native culture got affected. When European came to it was difficult to spread the word of God to be Christian because the Native Americans believed in the nature.
Unit 1. Section 3 - West African Societies around 1492
3. How did the environment in West Africa affect native culture?
The different natural environments and built environments in West Africa affected its native culture very much. First of all, the location of West Africa was isolated from other societies and this geographical characteristic of West Africa helped the native people develop trade networks including Sahara highway and earn money from active trades with other societies such as the European society. Also, the access to ocean from West Africa enabled the natives to build villages and kingdoms in the regions that were close to the coastline. Furthermore, the protection from extreme weather in West Africa enabled the native people to grow fruits and crops from their farms all year round, which resulted in food increase as well as population increase in the West African society. Lastly, the forest resources from thick and dense forests in West Africa helped the natives collect resources such as timber, fruits, and plants. These various natural and built environments in West Africa developed the native culture of actively trading with other societies and gathering food and resources from farming.
Unit 1 Section 4 - European Societies around 1492
1. What were the influences that encouraged Europeans to seek new lands and new opportunities in new environments?
There were few influences that encouraged Europeans to seek new lands and new opportunities in new environments. One of the influences was the Christian missionaries. The Christian missionaries in Europe wanted to defend and to spread the faith, so they went outside of Europe and sought new lands. The second influence was the Crusades which the Christian armies launched but failed to rescue the Holy Land. However, it encouraged European exploration and expansion. It weakened the power of European nobles, because they were killed in the wars. Monarchs took advantage of the noble and made an overseas exploration to increase their wealth and power. Third was the Reformation. There were disagreements over church authority so it led to reform movements. The Reformation divided Christianity between Catholicism and Protestantism. The rivalries deepened, so the Protestant went across the Atlantic to seek religious freedom. During the 1300s, Europe had a hard time, but they experienced growth and change through those hard times. The expansion of Europe pushed Europeans to look to other lands. The fourth influence was the Renaissance. The Renaissance encouraged people to regard themselves as individuals to have confidence in human capabilities and to look forward to the fame their achievements might bring. This attitude encouraged people to seek glory through adventure, discovery, and conquest.
Unit 1 Section 5 - Transatlantic Encounters
5. What was the impact of interactions between the peoples of Africa, and Europe with peoples in America?
When Europeans came to Native America, there were lots of impacts. One of them was the disease ravage in the Native Americans. When Europeans came to Native America, they brought their diseases with them. With that lots of Native Americans had died by the thousands. Native Americans were not really developed with any natural immunity to the diseases. The diseases were measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, and typhus. It was a horrific disaster to Native Americans. The disease spread to region after region. With the disease reducing the Native Americans to work, the Europeans brought Africans for slaves. That’s how the Africans became slaves in America. Because of the slave work, lots of Africans died and were lost in West Africa. This had impacted the people of Africa. The slave trade devastated many of the African society. The impact on Europeans was the Columbian exchange. The Columbus’s voyages had made the merchants to increase their wealth and influence. With this in mind, thousands of Europeans began crossing the Atlantic, which became the biggest voluntary migrations in history.
Summary of our work with "Place and Space"
6. What was the relationship of Africans to their natural and human environment in 1492?In 1492, Africans developed trading network (human environment) and their culture of actively trading with other societies all over the world (relation of Africans to their natural and human environment) from the isolated location of West Africa (natural environment). The villages and kingdoms (human environment) were near the coastline (natural environment) because living in the location was easier for Africans to gather food and resources (relationship of Africans to their natural and human environment).
7. What was the relationship of the North Americans to their natural and built environments in 1492?
In 1492, North America had lots of natural environments such as forests, lakes, water, land. With those, the North Americans could build ships with the trees from their forests, so that they could trade with other countries around them. They could have also built the houses with the trees and leaves, which would turn it into built environment. In North America, the natural environment makes the built environment.
8. What was the relationship of the Europeans to their natural and built environments in 1492?
During the early 1300s, Europe went through hard times with heavy rain and diseases and epidemic of plagues and wars. Through these bad natural environments, Europe grew and changed. The expansion of built and natural environments pushed Europeans to look to other lands. Also, the Europeans wanted Asian stuff, so the Europeans used woods to build ships to trade.
9. Identify and list, 1 local issue, 1 regional issue, and 1 global issue that affected each continent in the transatlantic encounter between Africa, America, and Europe.
The transatlantic encounter created three major issues that affected people of African, American, and European societies. One local issue changed the lives of North Americans who lived in the place or other places near to the place where the Europeans first landed and started living in. This local issue was that the Europeans came with diseases that spread in the North American society and killed many native people. One regional issue that changed the lives of Africans and Americans was the trade of slaves from Africa to America, which was conducted by Europeans. Because of the slave trade, Africa lost more than 12 million people and these people moved to America to work in place of the dead American farmers. One global issue was the trade of different resources from the three societies. From the transatlantic encounter between the three societies, they were able to trade different resources that could be earned or gathered only in their natural environments. Due to this trade between the three societies, they were able to use various resources from other societies.
10. Explain how the transatlantic encounter between the peoples of Africa, America, and Europe was influenced by the place and environment of each.
The transatlantic encounter between the peoples of Africa, America, and Europe were influenced by sharing the products from other country that they did not had and also the new cultures or the different kinds of cultures would have influenced the environment. Most importantly, the diseases would have had the influence on the people of the each societies.
Because it might get them to figure out what kind of things or medicine would prevent them from these disease to make their people safe from it. Colonization, African slaves had influenced the world and these three societies. Trading would have also influenced the 3 societies.